在國際上,對這三個概念比較權(quán)威的機構(gòu)是國際清算銀行的支付結(jié)算委員會。在其《Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment Systems》報告中,對這幾個概念進行了界定:
支付(payment):是付款人向收款人轉(zhuǎn)移可以接受的貨幣債權(quán)的過程(The payer’s transfer of a monetary claim on a party acceptable to the beneficiary)
清算(clearing):是結(jié)算前計算、核對和確認付款的過程(The process of transmitting,reconciling and,in some cases,confirming payments prior to settlement,possibly including the netting of payments and the establishment of net positions for settlement。)
結(jié)算(settlement):是兩個或者多個交易對手之間完成債權(quán)最終執(zhí)行的過程。(An act that discharges financial obligations between two or more parties.)(此處原文解釋。放出來讓你們自己看,免得我翻譯錯了)